In the pursuit of sustainable development and gender equality, the role of intellectual property (IP) rights cannot be understated. Intellectual property encompasses a wide range of creations, from inventions and innovations to artistic expressions and cultural heritage.
Yet, despite their significant contributions to the intellectual landscape, women continue to face barriers such as underrepresentation and bias, limited access to resources such as funding, mentorship, and networks that are crucial for navigating and succeeding in IP systems, and societal expectations and cultural norms that discourage women from pursuing careers in STEM or asserting their rights in IP systems, among other things.
Closing the gender gap in intellectual property is not only a matter of equity and justice but also a crucial component of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Understanding the Gender Gap
The gender gap in intellectual property manifests in various forms, including disparities in patent ownership, trademark registrations, copyright protections, and access to resources and opportunities. Women are underrepresented in fields such as science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), where intellectual property creation and innovation thrive.
According to the World Intellectual Property Office (WIPO), women accounted for only 17.7% of all inventors listed in Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) applications in 2023. This percentage varies by region and sector, with some areas like biotechnology and chemistry seeing relatively higher participation rates for women compared to fields like electrical and mechanical engineering.
Intersectionality also plays a pivotal role in shaping the experiences of women in accessing and benefiting from intellectual property (IP) systems. Factors such as race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and geographic location intersect with gender to create layered challenges and opportunities. Women from marginalized racial or ethnic groups often encounter compounded barriers, including historical exclusion from educational and professional opportunities in STEM fields where IP creation is prominent. Socioeconomic status influences access to resources needed for patent filings and legal protections, with women from lower-income backgrounds facing greater financial constraints.
Empowering Women through Intellectual Property
Intellectual property rights provide creators and innovators with legal protections and incentives to invest in research, development, and creative endeavors. By securing intellectual property rights, women can gain recognition for their contributions, access markets, attract investment, and generate income, thereby enhancing their economic empowerment and social inclusion.
Empowering women to assert their intellectual property rights can be done by promoting education and awareness programs that inform women about their rights under intellectual property laws, providing training and capacity-building programs on IP management, patenting processes, copyright protections, trademark registrations, and strategies for commercializing IP assets, and advocating for gender-responsive IP policies and regulations that promote equal opportunities for women in IP systems.
Linking Women's Rights to the SDGs
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) provide a comprehensive framework for addressing global challenges and promoting sustainable development. Gender equality is recognized as a standalone goal (SDG 5) and a cross-cutting theme that is essential for achieving all the SDGs. Closing the gender gap in intellectual property aligns with multiple SDGs, including:
1. SDG 5: Gender Equality – Promoting women's participation in intellectual property systems and ensuring equal rights and opportunities for women creators and innovators contribute to achieving gender equality.
2. SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure – Closing the gender gap in intellectual property fosters innovation, creativity, and technological advancement, driving sustainable industrialization and economic growth.
3. SDG 10: Reduced Inequalities – Addressing gender disparities in intellectual property rights reduces inequalities and promotes social inclusion and justice.
4. SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals – Collaborative efforts involving governments, civil society, academia, and the private sector are essential for closing the gender gap in intellectual property and advancing the SDGs.
Dr. Ada Wong, a biotechnologist from Singapore, exemplifies success in navigating intellectual property systems to protect innovation. Despite initial challenges securing funding and facing biases in a male-dominated field, Dr. Wong strategically filed patents for her bio-fertilizer innovations with specialized legal guidance. Networking with mentors and validating market demand were crucial, leading to multiple patents and recognition for her sustainable agriculture solutions. Her achievements attracted investment, enabling her startup to scale and gain industry acclaim.
Closing the gender gap in intellectual property is not only a matter of rights but also a strategic imperative for achieving sustainable development. By empowering women to assert their intellectual property rights, we can unlock their full potential as creators, innovators, and agents of change. Aligning efforts to close the gender gap in intellectual property with the Sustainable Development Goals can amplify impact and contribute to building a more inclusive, equitable, and sustainable future for all.
Article by Baluka Hannah Stacey
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